Canine papillomavirus PCR test
dog and cat assay data sheet
Canine
papillomavirus (CPV)
Test code:
S0197 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of canine papillomavirus
by real time polymerase chain reaction. This assay detects but
does not differentiate CPV strains 1-8.
Papillomaviruses (PVs)
are small non-enveloped DNA viruses. They are predominantly
species-specific pathogens of humans and animals that can induce
benign as well as malignant neoplasias in the skin and mucous
membranes. Canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) are classified as
lambdapapillomaviruses and are associated with papillomas, or warts,
of both domestic dogs and wild canids.
Canine papillomaviruses
consist of a cluster of 8 viruses designated
CPV1 to CPV8. These eight viruses are characterized by distinct
pathologies:
·
CPV1 - focal papillomas
·
CPV2 - inverted dermal papillomatosis
·
CPV3 - choroid plexus pappilomas
·
CPV4 (Chi) - benign pigmented plaques in pugs
·
CPV5 - focal papillomas
·
CPV6 - focal papillomas
·
CPV7 - focal papillomas
·
CPV8 (closely related to CPV4) - oral papillomatosis
Transmission of these
viruses is mainly through direct contact. Infected dogs may develop
benign lesions after one or two months of incubation. These benign
lesions usually do not elicit any serious problems, and even severe
oral papillomatosis typically shows spontaneous immune-mediated
regression. However, some infected dogs do not respond to treatment,
and may develop squamous cell carcinomas. Tumors can grow in any part
of the body, including the face, tongue, mammary glands, vagina,
cornea, interdigital pads, rectum and in post-operative skin.
Canine papillomavirus infection has been
diagnosed by clinical symptoms or immunohistochemical methods.
However, molecular detection by PCR is regarded as the most specific
and sensitive method to confirm the diagnosis (Lange et al., 2011).
Utilities:
-
Help confirm the disease causing agent
-
Shorten the time required to confirm a clinical diagnosis of viral
infection
-
Help ensure that dog groups and populations are free of
canine papillomavirus
-
Early prevention of spread of this virus among dogs
-
Minimize human exposure to this virus
-
Safety monitoring of biological products and vaccines
that derive from susceptible animals
References:
Lange, C.E.,
Zollinger, S.,
Tobler, K.,
Ackermann, M. and
Favrot, C. (2011)
Clinically Healthy Skin of Dogs
Is a Potential Reservoir for Canine Papillomaviruses.
J. Clin. Microbiol.
49:707-709.
Specimen
requirement:
Lesion swab, or 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or 0.2 ml fresh, frozen or fixed
lesion tissue.
Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.
For all specimen
types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm
weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack
unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen
specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See
shipping instructions for more
information.
Turnaround
time:
2 business days
Methodology:
Qualitative real time PCR
Normal range:
Nondetected
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