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Zoologix performs avian and livestock PCR tests for...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

African swine fever

Akabane virus

Alcelaphine herpesvirus

AMPKγ3R200Q mutation in pigs

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus species

Atoxoplasma

Aujeszky's disease

Avian adenovirus

Avian herpes

Avian influenza

Avian polyomavirus

Avian reovirus

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Baylisascaris procyonis

Blood typing for swine

Bluetongue virus

Bordetella avium

Borna virus

Bovine adenovirus

Bovine endogenous retrovirus

Bovine enterovirus

Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Bovine herpesvirus 2

Bovine herpesvirus 4

Bovine leukemia virus

Bovine papillomavirus

Bovine papular stomatitis virus

Bovine parvovirus

Bovine polyomavirus

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine rhinoviruses

Bovine viral diarrhea type 1

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Brucella

Cache Valley virus

Camelpox

Campylobacter      

Candida

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus

Chlamydia/Chlamydophila genus

Chlamydophila psittaci

Classical swine fever

Clostridium

Coccidia

Coccidiodes

Coronaviruses

Cowpox

Coxiella burnetii

Cryptococcus

Cryptosporidium

Ebola Reston

E. coli O157:h7

Edwardsiella

Encephalomyocarditis

Enteric E. coli panel

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Foot and mouth disease

Fowl adenovirus

Fowlpox

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hepatitis E

Herpes, avian

Histoplasma

Infectious bronchitis

Infectious bursal disease

Infectious coryza

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Influenza type A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

Japanese encephalitis

Jena virus

Johne's disease

Lawsonia intracellularis

Leptospira

Lumpy skin disease virus

Malaria

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

Mites

Mycobacterium avium and other Mycobacteria

Mycoplasma species

Mycoplasma suis

Newcastle disease virus

Nipah virus

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Ovine herpesvirus 2

Pacheco's disease (psittacid herpesviruses)

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)

Pigeon circovirus

Plasmodium species

Porcine adenovirus

Porcine circovirus 1

Porcine circovirus 2

Porcine cytomegalovirus

Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)

Porcine enterovirus

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis

Porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus

Porcine parvovirus

Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)

Poultry respiratory panel

Pseudocowpox

Pseudorabies

Psittacine beak and feather disease

Psittacine herpes

Q fever

Rabies

Reovirus

Rift Valley fever virus

Rinderpest virus

RyR1 R615C mutation in pigs

Salmonella

Staphylococcus xylosus

St. Louis encephalitis

Streptococcus

Swinepox

Swine vesicular disease

Taenia solium

Teschovirus (Teschen-Talfan disease)

Tickborne encephalitis virus

Trichinella spiralis

Trichomonas/
Tritrichomonas

Vaccinia

Valley fever

Vesicular exanthema of swine

Vesicular stomatitis

Wesselsbron virus

West Nile virus

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

...and more -- see the avian & livestock test menu for a complete listing of avian and livestock assays.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 PCR test
avian & livestock assay data sheet

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV1)

Test code: S0215 - Ultrasensitive detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 by real time PCR

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis are both caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), which infects both domestic and wild cattle. The virus belongs to the genus Varicellovirus in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, of the Herpesviridae family.

BoHV-1 can be further divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a and 1.2b. The 1.2 subtypes are less virulent than subtype 1.1. The old subtype BoHV-1.3 has been reclassified as BoHV-5, which is a neuropathogenic agent in calves. BoHV-1 has a high degree of genomic and antigenic similarity to other ruminant alphaherpesviruses including BoHV-5, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesvirus 1 (red deer), cervid herpesvirus 2 (reindeer), bubaline herpesvirus 1 and elk herpesvirus 1.

Animals infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 develop serous nasal discharge, salivation, fever, inappetence, and depression. After a few days of infection, the nasal and ocular discharges change to mucopurulent. Genital infection of infected animals leads to pustular vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis. In most cases, respiratory or genital disease symptoms last only about 5–10 days. Secondary infections due to bacteria or other virus can lead to severe respiratory disease of young animals. Nevertheless, many infected animals show no symptoms. BoHV-1 can remain in a latent state in sensory neurons of the infected animals, later reactivating and shedding.

The virus can be isolated from nasal or genital swabs from animals with respiratory signs, vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis, taken during the acute phase of the infection, and, in severe cases, from various organs collected at post-mortem.  However, culture detection is not definitive. Serological detection of exposure to the virus is possible but it takes time for the antibody response to develop. In addition, identification of latent infection is difficult with serological methods. Molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is rapid, sensitive and specific (Deka et al., 2005), and can identify latent infections.

Utilities:

  • Help confirm the disease causing agent
  • Identify BoHV1 virus carriers
  • Help ensure that herds are free of BoHV1
  • Early prevention of spread of the virus among animals
  • Minimize human exposure to the virus
  • Safety monitoring of biological products that derive from animals

References:
Deka, D., Ramneek, Maiti, N.K. and Oberoi, M.S. (2005) Detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in breeding bull semen by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction. Rev. Sci. Tech. 24:1085-1094.

Specimen requirements: 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube; or lesion, throat or nasal swab; or 0.2 ml fresh, frozen or fixed tissue.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative real time PCR

Normal range: Nondetected

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