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avian & livestock assay data sheet
Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV1)
Test code:
S0141
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Ultrasensitive
qualitative detection of bovine viral diarrhea type 1 (BVD1) virus by
reverse transcription coupled real time PCR
Bovine viral
diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA
virus classified as a pestivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae
family. Infection of cattle with this disease can pose severe
economic losses to the dairy and beef industries, primarily due
to decreased reproductive performance. BVDV occurs nearly
worldwide.
Three BVDV
strains have been identified, designated as genotype 1, 2 and 3 on the basis of antigenic variation and differences
in sequences in the 5' UTR of the viral genome. Infection by
different strains of BVDV can have different clinical symptoms.
Infected cattle may develop gastrointestinal disease,
immunosuppression with secondary infections, thrombocytopenia
and reproductive failure. In infected pregnant cows, the virus
is transmitted to a fetus with a high degree of efficiency,
leading to fetal loss, malformations or birth of a persistently
infected calf.
Fetal infection
with BVDV may result in the birth of a calf immunotolerant to
BVDV, with an inapparent persistent infection. These calves can
become carriers and remain viremic throughout their
lifetimes, shedding infectious BVDV and acting as reservoirs
of the virus in cattle herds.
Serology
testing is not effective for identifying viremic, immunotolerant
calves. Serology
testing is also not very useful for testing pooled serum samples
because of its low sensitivity. On the other hand, molecular
detection of the virus by PCR is a rapid, specific, sensitive
and cost effective method for identifying viremic individuals (Weinstock,
et al., 2001).
Utilities:
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Help confirm the disease causing agent
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Identify BVD carriers
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Help ensure that animal herds and populations are free of BVDV1
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Early prevention of spread of the virus among animals
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Minimize human exposure to the virus
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Safety monitoring of biological products that derive
from animals
Specimen requirements:
0.2 ml feces,
or 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or 0.2 ml serum, or 0.2 ml tissue.
Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.
For all
specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during
very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship
with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are
specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain
frozen in transit. See shipping
instructions for more information.
Turnaround time:
2 business days
Methodology:
Qualitative reverse transcription coupled real time PCR
Normal range:
Nondetected
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