avian & livestock assay data sheet

Bovine rhinoviruses

Test codes:
S0181 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of group A bovine rhinoviruses by reverse transcription coupled real time polymerase chain reaction
S0182 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of group B bovine rhinoviruses by reverse transcription coupled real time polymerase chain reaction

Rhinoviruses belong to the family picornaviridae. Picornaviruses are antigenically diverse, small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive strand RNA genome. Rhinoviruses are the largest genus within this family. They primarily infect nose and throat of humans and animals. Cattle infected with rhinoviruses can develop subclinical or clinical symptoms depending on the health status of the animal. Rhinoviruses have been found in the upper respiratory tract of animals with acute respiratory disease and in nasal swabs from apparent healthy animals.

Two groups of bovine rhinoviruses have been reported: group A virus was formerly known as bovine rhinoviruses 1 & 3, whereas group B virus was formerly known as bovine rhinovirus 2. These two groups of bovine rhinoviruses are similar in terms of their disease spectrums.

Serological detection of these viruses is not very useful for diagnostic purposes because most animals have been previously exposed and carry circulating antibodies. Antigen detection of these viruses has low sensitivity. However, molecular detection of these viruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is highly specific and sensitive, and is a good alternative to traditional methods.

Utilities:

• Help confirm the disease causing agent
• Identify bovine rhinovirus carriers
• Help ensure that herds and animal populations are free of these viruses
• Early prevention of spread of these viruses among animals
• Minimize human exposure to these viruses
• Safety monitoring of biological products that derive from animals

References:
Do, D. H., Laus, S., Leber, A., Marcon, M. J., Jordan, J.A., Martin, J.M., and Wadowsky, R, M. (2010) A one-step, real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of rhinovirus. J. Mol. Diagn. 12: 102–108.

Specimen requirements: Nasal swab, or throat swab, or 0.2 ml culture.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative one-step reverse transcription coupled real time PCR

Normal range: Nondetected