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Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

...and more -- see the avian & livestock test menu for a complete listing of avian and livestock assays.

Mycoplasma suis PCR test
avian & livestock assay data sheet

Mycoplasma suis

Test code:  B0109 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of Mycoplasma suis by real time polymerase chain reaction.

Mycoplasma suis, previously known as Eperythrozoonosis suis or Mycoplasma haemosuis, is an obligate intracellular bacteria. The organism is approximately 0.8 to 1.0 um in diameter but may be larger during the acute stage of infection. It is predominantly coccoid-shaped but may appear rod or ring-shaped when viewed on an erythrocyte’s cell membrane.

Infection with M. suis can occur in all age groups of swine but symptoms occur mostly in young growing pigs. Disease symptoms include listlessness, fever, anorexia, hemolytic anemia and, in severe cases, jaundice. Serologic survey shows that exposure to this bacterial infection is less than 15% among swine populations, and only a small number of outbreaks have been reported. The outbreaks usually occur when animals are stressed.

However, many adult pigs could be carriers, as infection in this age group is usually subclinical. Since the disease occurs more frequently in the summer, mosquitoes and biting flies, as well as the hog louse (Haematopinus suis), are suspected to be vectors of transmission. The use of contaminated surgical instruments including castration knives, and needles used repeatedly during vaccination, can also transmit the bacteria.

Direct examination of blood smears has been used to diagnose this disease, but this method has a low sensitivity and is not very specific. Serologic testing is slow, and cross-reactivity with other Mycoplasma species can cause false positive serology results. Molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction is highly specific and sensitive, and is rapid. PCR detection of this bacterium is now considered the method of choice (Ritzmann et al., 2009).

Utilities:

  • Help confirm the disease causing agent
  • Shorten the time required to confirm clinical diagnosis of M. suis infection
  • Help ensure that herds are free of M. suis
  • Early prevention of spread of M. suis among and between herds
  • Minimize human exposure to these bacteria
  • Safety monitoring of biological products that derive from pigs

References:
Ritzmann, M., Grimm, J., Heinritzi, K., Hoelzle, K. and Hoelzle, L.E. (2009) Prevalence of Mycoplasma suis in slaughter pigs, with correlation of PCR results to hematological findings. Vet. Microbiol. 133:84–91.

Preferred specimen: 0.2 ml feces; or fecal swab; or oral swab; or 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube; or 0.2 ml fresh, frozen or fixed tissue; or 0.2 ml cell culture; or environmental swab.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative real time PCR

Normal range: Nondetected

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